{"id":13822,"date":"2025-04-24T13:02:48","date_gmt":"2025-04-24T13:02:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurita-eu-gudza2cjbzfhcwbx.francecentral-01.azurewebsites.net\/?page_id=13822"},"modified":"2026-07-16T07:57:53","modified_gmt":"2026-07-16T07:57:53","slug":"nha-may-loc-dau","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/asean.kurita-water.com\/vi\/quy-trinh-xu-ly\/nha-may-loc-dau\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"13822\" class=\"elementor elementor-13822\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-41c1e6c1 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"41c1e6c1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-59cdb828\" data-id=\"59cdb828\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bdc653 elementor--h-position-center elementor--v-position-middle elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-inside elementor-widget elementor-widget-slides\" data-id=\"9bdc653\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;both&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;transition&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;transition_speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"slides.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-slides-wrapper elementor-main-swiper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Trang tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfu\" dir=\"ltr\" data-animation=\"fadeInUp\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper elementor-slides\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-repeater-item-4e0b9f7 swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-bg elementor-ken-burns elementor-ken-burns--in\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Applications_Process_Refinery-fe81ba03.jpg\"><\/div><div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide-inner\" ><div class=\"swiper-slide-contents\"><div class=\"elementor-slide-heading\">Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-79963269 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"79963269\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234dd2bf margin-content\" data-id=\"234dd2bf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-279069da elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"279069da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14f46dfd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14f46dfd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 cho ng\u00e0nh h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u. D\u1ea7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u01b0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, d\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, dung m\u00f4i, ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n, s\u00e1p, bitum, than c\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 nh\u01b0 kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c c\u1eb7n b\u00e1m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n, b\u1ecdt v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u. Kurita cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao an to\u00e0n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u1eed l\u00fd quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd kh\u00e1ch.<\/p><p>Kurita cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd kh\u00e1ch:<\/p><ul><li>Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1 nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/li><li>Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt \/ ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed b\u1ecdt<\/li><li>Ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/li><li>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ACF \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i amoni trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn<\/li><li>Ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a<\/li><li>C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh thu gom (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: hydro sunfua (H<sub>2<\/sub>S) lo\u00e0i \u0103n x\u00e1c th\u1ed1i)<\/li><li>\u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n x\u00e1c th\u1ed1i<\/li><li>Ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n trong d\u1ea7u diesel)<\/li><li>Ph\u1ee5 gia l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng<\/li><\/ul><p>C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u th\u00f4, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt, l\u00f2 c\u1ed1c ch\u1eadm, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd hydro, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y hydro, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb FCC, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc chua, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb amine v\u00e0 khu b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a.<\/p><p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-26f4f4e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"26f4f4e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-63203730 margin-content\" data-id=\"63203730\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c1f183c e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"1c1f183c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_scaleX_effect_hover&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleX_effect_hover_widescreen&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleX_effect_hover_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleX_effect_hover_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleX_effect_hover_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleY_effect_hover&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleY_effect_hover_widescreen&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleY_effect_hover_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleY_effect_hover_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_scaleY_effect_hover_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-4711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-4711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1 nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-4711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-4711\"><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">D\u1ea7u th\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u th\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n m\u1ecbn gi\u1eefa d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t, b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 n\u1ed3i h\u1ed3i l\u01b0u. N\u00f3i chung, nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n bao g\u1ed3m asphaltenes, nh\u1ef1a, porphyrins, tinh th\u1ec3 s\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c axit b\u00e9o. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ecdt \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi micromet.<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">D\u1ea7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01a1m l\u00ean t\u1eeb gi\u1ebfng ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf d\u1ea1ng nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 do. D\u1ea7u th\u00f4 ch\u01b0a qua x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1eabn ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u00e1c khu b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a. Nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi d\u1ea7u. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ecfi d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.\u00a0Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a pha nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i trong d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u00e1ch mu\u1ed1i, thu h\u1ed3i d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u00e1ch d\u1ea7u th\u00f4. C\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt l\u1edbn h\u01a1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch mu\u1ed1i. Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 ch\u1ee9a n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn cao (BS&amp;W = Ch\u1ea5t ki\u1ec1m, Tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch &amp; N\u01b0\u1edbc). Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch mu\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n, b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n sau.<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u gi\u1eef th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1ea7u kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 th\u00e0nh hai pha nh\u1edd l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm.\u00a0Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1 nh\u0169 h\u00f3a h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1 nh\u0169, ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1 nh\u0169 h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u01b0\u1edbt. C\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, ch\u00fang di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p gi\u1eefa d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng ion c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m \u01b0a d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu. Ch\u00fang ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi d\u1ea7u nh\u1edd l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn.<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1 nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Kurita, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu h\u1ed3i d\u1ea7u th\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1 nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tinh ch\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp theo. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch d\u1ea7u th\u00f4. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1 nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch d\u1ea7u kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nguy c\u01a1 d\u1ea7u b\u1ecb l\u1eabn v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u. D\u1ea7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9a \u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i h\u01a1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t cao c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu h\u1ed3i d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1ea7u th\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i. L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb l\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn nh\u1edd n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n sau.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-4712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-4712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed b\u1ecdt<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-4712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-4712\"><p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f2a tan v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. B\u1ecdt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn, hydrocacbon, mu\u1ed1i b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u0169ng gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ecdt. Ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n, ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1 nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n. T\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e2m th\u1ef1c b\u01a1m, h\u1ecfng b\u01a1m v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/p><p>L\u1edbp m\u00e0ng l\u1ecfng bao quanh kh\u00ed, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bong b\u00f3ng. Th\u00e0nh bong b\u00f3ng hay l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u00e3n ra v\u00e0 co l\u1ea1i. Sau khi gi\u00e3n ra, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cao. Ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n ch\u1ee9a \u00edt ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng h\u01a1n. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ecdt. Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1ecdt. Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1 b\u1ecdt l\u00e0m tan b\u1ecdt \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ecdt m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u1eed b\u1ecdt v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ecdt. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt gi\u00fap t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed b\u1ecdt ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1ecdt v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1ecdt m\u1edbi.<\/p><p><br \/>C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt l\u00e0:<\/p><ul><li>Th\u00e1p ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u00e1p ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng<\/li><li>L\u00f2 c\u1ed1c h\u00f3a ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 l\u00f2 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y d\u1ea7u n\u1eb7ng<\/li><li>nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bitum (nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng)<\/li><li>Chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng propan<\/li><li>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u1eed ki\u1ec1m, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc chua v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb amine<\/li><\/ul><p>C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ed1c h\u00f3a ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb amine l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, n\u01a1i ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecdt b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n theo t\u1eeb th\u00f9ng c\u1ed1c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t. Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt g\u1ed1c PDMS ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u00f2 c\u1ed1c ch\u1eadm. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng nh\u1edd t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t cao. M\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt PDMS ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n sau ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt. Silicone l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c, do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng amine l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung hydrocacbon l\u1ecfng v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch amine l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt. C\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecdt b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n theo v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5. Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng amine, ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt PDMS cho th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ecdt r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt g\u1ed1c polyol c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p><p>Kurita cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed b\u1ecdt c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao. Ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed b\u1ecdt ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c thay th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ecdt v\u00e0 l\u00e0m v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c bong b\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt th\u00e0nh b\u1ecdt v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed b\u1ecdt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt c\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng bay h\u01a1i.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb hydrocacbon, silicone ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1. Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt h\u1eefu c\u01a1 bao g\u1ed3m polyol, r\u01b0\u1ee3u b\u00e9o v\u00e0 este. Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt silicone l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i silicone kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch silicone, nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng, dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c thay th\u1ebf.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed b\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a Kurita bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p><ul><li>C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea7u<\/li><li>D\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean hay d\u1ea7u kho\u00e1ng<\/li><li>C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a silicone ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a silicone<\/li><li>Polydimethylsiloxan (PDMS)<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-4713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-4713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-4713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-4713\"><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">S\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u. \u0102n m\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t. \u0102n m\u00f2n g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t. H\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n (CRA), l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cat\u1ed1t mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t. Do chi ph\u00ed mua th\u1ea5p, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb th\u00e9p cacbon. Th\u00e9p cacbon r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh khi pH gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 7. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m hydro clorua, hydro sunfua, amoni clorua, amoni bisunfua, carbon dioxide v\u00e0 c\u00e1c axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u bao g\u1ed3m, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0:<\/p><ul><li>S\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7<\/li><li>S\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n do hydro g\u00e2y ra (HIC)<\/li><li>N\u1ee9t do \u0103n m\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t (SCC)<\/li><li>X\u00f3i m\u00f2n<\/li><li>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e2m th\u1ef1c<\/li><\/ul><p>S\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a hai ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u00e1n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ef1c \u00e2m, ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra. Ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba \u0103n m\u00f2n. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0103n m\u00f2n. C\u00e1c amin t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng v\u00e0 amin trung h\u00f2a cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">C\u00e1c amin t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c amin t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng h\u00f2a tan trong d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u. Ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n hydrocacbon t\u1eeb d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hydrocacbon c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc cao bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01a1i ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc chua, c\u1ed9t l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb amine. C\u00e1c amin t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Kurita cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i amin h\u00f2a tan trong d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, amoniac t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m amin trung h\u00f2a. Amoniac c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n mu\u1ed1i amoni. Amoniac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i amin d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung h\u00f2a an to\u00e0n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5. C\u00e1c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p amin trung h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Kurita mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. Ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n axit n\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung h\u00f2a h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Amin trung h\u00f2a l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 pH t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n sang m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 pH d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-4714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-4714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">T\u00edch t\u1ee5 mu\u1ed1i amoni v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-4714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-4714\"><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t clorua ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 clorua amoni (NH<sub>4<\/sub>Cl) ho\u1eb7c bisulfua amoni (NH<sub>4<\/sub>HS). C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1ecb b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n mu\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c \u0103n m\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u th\u00f4, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd hydro, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hydrocracking, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb FCC v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1eb7n mu\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c khay ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t.\u00a0S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1eb7n mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u0111\u1eb7c, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit v\u00e0 nh\u1edbt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0103n m\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1eb7n (\u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7) khi c\u1eb7n mu\u1ed1i h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m. Mu\u1ed1i clorua amoni ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1i bisulfua amoni c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ea5t cao. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 c\u1eb7n mu\u1ed1i. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1i c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng. Mu\u1ed1i amoni th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a hydrocacbon, c\u1eb7n mu\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p><p>Kurita \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kurita.eu\/en\/solutions\/acf\/\">C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ACF<\/a>. C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t baz\u01a1 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n do axit ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i. Baz\u01a1 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ACF ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c axit m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 axit clohydric (HCl) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i amoni c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ACF v\u1edbi HCl l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 H t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean cao<sub>2<\/sub>N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 S. T\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed x\u1ea3y ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o mu\u1ed1i, ACF thay th\u1ebf amoniac \u2014 m\u1ed9t baz\u01a1 y\u1ebfu \u2014 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i ACF \u1edf d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh h\u00fat \u1ea9m r\u1ea5t cao (r\u1ea5t h\u00fat \u1ea9m). Mu\u1ed1i ACF c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 do.\u00a0<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd ACF \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n. ACF ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 mu\u1ed1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t v\u1edbi n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao h\u01a1n.<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb FCC th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n mu\u1ed1i amoni. Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, mu\u1ed1i clorua amoni l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee5t \u00e1p ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng. Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf mu\u1ed1i b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u th\u00f4. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh r\u1eeda th\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf mu\u1ed1i h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y. Naphtha s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u1ea3 d\u1ea7u chu tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eb9 (LCO), kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed t\u0103ng cao. Khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n mu\u1ed1i amoni, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng ACF l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c khay tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-4715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-4715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-4715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-4715\"><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">T\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u1eb7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. Th\u1eddi gian v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1ecb r\u00fat ng\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m s\u00e1p, asphaltene, c\u1eb7n carbon, nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn v\u00f4 c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c polymer. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a asphaltene, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh coke. Asphaltene r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gia nhi\u1ec7t s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 d\u1ea7u th\u00f4, \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u1eafc. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la.<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a asphaltene l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh asphaltene. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n asphaltene c\u1ee7a Kurita gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 bao b\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed asphaltene, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 trong d\u1ea7u th\u00f4. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c hydrocacbon trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng keo. Asphaltene duy tr\u00ec \u1edf pha ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a asphaltene.<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00ed h\u00f3a k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n (POX) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi. Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong h\u01a1n 200 n\u0103m. N\u00f3 ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00ed h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c, gi\u1eefa nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eed m\u1ea1nh, hydrocacbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng, kh\u00ed t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t. Kh\u00ed th\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 1300 \u2013 1400\u00b0C. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00ed t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p do c\u00e1c c\u1eb7n carbon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Kurita \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho quy tr\u00ecnh POX. Ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u00e0 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt c\u1eb7n carbon. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a nguy c\u01a1 b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n trong c\u00e1c n\u1ed3i t\u00e1i s\u00f4i nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m c\u00e1c c\u1eb7n b\u00e1m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t than c\u1ed1c gi\u1eef k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kh\u00ed t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf oxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i trung h\u00f2a c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do peroxide \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi oxy ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi hydrocacbon. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a do c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ee9t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t x\u00fac t\u00e1c g\u00e2y ra. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t ng\u1eaft chu\u1ed7i, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c lan truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do. Kurita cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 oxy, ch\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Kurita \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd kh\u00e1ch nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t cao. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ed1c.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-4716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-4716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n x\u00e1c th\u1ed1i<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-4716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-4716\"><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2<\/sub>S) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 trong nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u th\u00f4. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh trong d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng th\u00eam kh\u00ed hydro sunfua. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Hydro sunfua l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, c\u00f3 m\u00f9i tr\u1ee9ng th\u1ed1i. Kh\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ee9c ppb th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u. Mercaptan (RSH) l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n hydrocacbon nh\u1eb9. Ch\u00fang \u00edt ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u01a1n hydro sunfua nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. C\u1ea3 hai ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00f9i r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu.<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">\u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, bitum (nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng) \u2013 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 H cao h\u01a1n<sub>2<\/sub>S sang pha h\u01a1i. Trong th\u1eddi gian nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a, th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 H<sub>2<\/sub>N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 S trong kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, s\u1ef1 khu\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9n, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong b\u1ec3. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf an to\u00e0n kh\u00ed hydro sunfua v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t mercaptan tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong b\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0o.<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Hydrogen sulfide g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u an to\u00e0n, vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hydrogen sulfide kh\u1ecfi kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 hydrogen sulfide l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro. C\u00e1c amin trung h\u00f2a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 H<sub>2<\/sub>C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thu gom S, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc trong vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hydro sunfua. \u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t H nh\u01b0 v\u1eady<sub>2<\/sub>C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed S c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng H<sub>2<\/sub>L\u1ea1i l\u00e0 S. Nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t H gi\u1ecfi<sub>2<\/sub>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed S t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia tan trong d\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t cao.<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 hydro sunfua ho\u1eb7c mercaptan t\u0103ng cao trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u201cch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p\u201d n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trong khi \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng H hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao<sub>2<\/sub>Ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 S c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hydro sunfua. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd hydro sunfua c\u1ee7a Kurita gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf mercaptan, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">H c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<sub>2<\/sub>C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u1eed S mang l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 khu\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhanh ch\u00f3ng hydro sunfua v\u00e0 mercaptan trong c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p><p>C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 hydro sunfua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Kurita gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. Li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p c\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho qu\u00fd kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd kh\u00e1ch, Kurita s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m H kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a kim lo\u1ea1i<sub>2<\/sub>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 S ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u00f2a tan trong d\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 hydro sunfua c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t cao. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, Kurita c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 hydro sunfua kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a nit\u01a1.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-4717\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-4717\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Ph\u1ee5 gia nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-4717\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-4717\"><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n sinh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 oxy. C\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra axit, kh\u00ed carbon dioxide, hydro sunfua v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea7y. N\u1ea5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy th\u1ea5p. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i vi khu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 chi Pseudomonas. M\u1ed7i khi c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ea3ng b\u00e1m. C\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng b\u00e1m th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh b\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a.<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n. D\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng b\u00e1m, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0103n m\u00f2n do vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y ra (MIC) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u0103n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u1ebft r\u1ed7. Vi sinh v\u1eadt sinh s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c v\u1ebft r\u1ed7 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0103n m\u00f2n. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 th\u1ee7ng xuy\u00ean qua b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n g\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n pH ki\u1ec1m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y \u1edf pH 7. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra chi ph\u00ed b\u1ed5 sung.<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Kurita cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f2a tan trong d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n sinh h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n sinh h\u1ecdc trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u diesel, d\u1ea7u s\u01b0\u1edfi, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u d\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t n\u1ea5m k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed, vi khu\u1ea9n, n\u1ea5m men v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u1eed sunfat. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y do vi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1eb7n b\u00f9n. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Kurita ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc (OECD 301D \/ EEC 84\/449 C6). Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a nitrat, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o nitros ho\u1eb7c clo li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb AOX.<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Khi kh\u00ed hydro sunfua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m H h\u00f2a tan trong d\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Kurita<sub>2<\/sub>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 lo\u1ea1i S nhanh ch\u00f3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi hydro sunfua v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t mercaptan (RSH). Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Kurita l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia h\u00f2a tan trong d\u1ea7u. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p, ch\u00fang gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1eb7n b\u00f9n \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t cao v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t gia d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1eb9t kim phun, t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc, l\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ecdc, v\u00f2i phun v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1t b\u1ecb b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edd do n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n DEF STAN 91-91 t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c EMEA.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-4718\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-4718\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Ph\u1ee5 gia l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-4718\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-4718\"><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t, b\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch kh\u00ed, b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.\u00a0Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n bao g\u1ed3m gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t x\u1eed l\u00fd, t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu h\u1ed3i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee5t \u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t. Vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 kh\u1eed c\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa.<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u1eb7ng, m\u1ee1 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n, nh\u1ef1a than ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a, c\u1ed9t ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t, b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3 h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u1eed kh\u00ed. C\u00e1c c\u1eb7n b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i. Hydrogen sulfide \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, hydrocacbon d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c benzen g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. Sulfide s\u1eaft (FeS) d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, khay, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a. Do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Sunfua s\u1eaft c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y r\u1ea5t cao. Ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y do FeS g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1i \u0111a vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t sunfua s\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y ra r\u1ee7i ro s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. C\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eed nhi\u1ec5m. Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf benzen, sunfua s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y, hydro sunfua \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed nguy hi\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c an to\u00e0n. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi (LEL).<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Kurita cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda, ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda v\u00e0 kh\u1eed nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda v\u00e0 kh\u1eed kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda v\u00e0 kh\u1eed kh\u00ed c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1ea7u nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u1eb7ng, nh\u1ef1a than, m\u1ee1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1m d\u00ednh c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch. Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean.<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Vi\u1ec7c thu h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u1eed kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a Kurita c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngay t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y. So v\u1edbi l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u00edt t\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang t\u1eeb d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m Kurita CD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ea5m Packinox ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u1ed1ng Texas Tower \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Kurita l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u khi c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t Packinox ho\u1eb7c Texas Tower.<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u1eed nhi\u1ec5m c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1eed kh\u00ed s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y, mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf kinh t\u1ebf r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.<\/p><p dir=\"LTR\" align=\"LEFT\">Kurita cung c\u1ea5p cho qu\u00fd kh\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u1eed kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd kh\u00e1ch. \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00fd kh\u00e1ch trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u1eed kh\u00ed. Theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb li\u00ean quan.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20646,"parent":13779,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_angie_page":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13822","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - 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